ANNUAL SURVEY OF
INDUSTRIES (ASI)
Introduction
The Annual Survey of Industries (ASI)
is the principal source of industrial statistics in
Historical Background
2. Understanding the importance of
collection and compilation of data relating to industrial sector of the
country, the Government of India, after 1930, launched a voluntary scheme for
collection of detailed data from important industries in
Census
of Manufacturing Industries (CMI)
3. The
Directorate of Industrial Statistics launched the CMI in 1946 with the
objective of studying the structure of the Indian industry and estimating its
contribution to national income. Because
of practical difficulties, the CMI could cover only 29 of the 63 industry
groups specified in the Industrial Statistics Act and extended only to 11
States of the Indian Union. It was
conducted annually up to 1958. By 1958,
the geographical coverage of the CMI extended to 13 States and 2 Union
Territories (UT).
Sample
Survey of Manufacturing Industries (SSMI)
4. Following
the recommendation of the National Income Committee (1949), the Directorate of
Industrial Statistics conducted the first SSMI in 1949 for collecting data from
factories falling under the 34 industry groups left out by the CMI and defined
under the Factories Act 1934. The
technical work including the survey design, sample selection, and preparation
of schedules was undertaken by the Directorate of Industrial Statistics while
the tabulation and analysis of data, report writing, etc. was carried out by
the Indian Statistical Institute,
Annual
Survey of Industries (ASI)
5. The
Collection of Statistics (Central) Rules, 1959 framed under the 1953 Act
provided for, among others, a comprehensive Annual Survey of Industries (ASI)
in
Scope and Coverage
6.
The ASI extends to the entire country except the States of Arunachal
Pradesh, Mizoram, and
7. From
ASI 1998-99, the electricity units registered with the CEA and the departmental
units such as railway workshops, RTC workshops, Govt. Mints, sanitary, water
supply, gas storage etc. are not covered, as there are alternative sources of
their data compilation for the GDP estimates by the National Accounts Division
of CSO.
ASI
frame and its updation
8. The
ASI frame is based on the lists of registered factories/units maintained by the
Chief Inspector of Factories (CIF) in each State/UT and those maintained by
licensing authorities in respect of bidi and cigar establishments and
electricity undertakings. Regional offices of FOD (NSSO) maintain close liaison
with CIF in updating the frame every year.
Sampling
Design
9. The
primary unit of enumeration in the survey is a factory in the case of
manufacturing industries, a workshop in the case of repair services, an
undertaking or a licensee in the case of electricity, gas & water supply
undertakings and an establishment in the case of bidi & cigar
industries. The owner of two or more
establishments located in the same State and pertaining to the same industry
group and belonging to same scheme (census or sample) is, however, permitted to
furnish a single consolidated return.
Such consolidated returns are common feature in the case of bidi and
cigar establishments, electricity and certain public sector undertakings.
10. The
ASI adopted from the beginning a very simple design. All units with 50 or more
workers operating with power, and units having 100 or more workers operating
without power were covered under the census sector. Also 12 States/UTs, namely, Himachal Pradesh,
Jammu & Kashmir, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura and Pondicherry,
A&N Islands, Chandigarh, Goa, Daman & Diu, D&N Haveli, which were
industrially backward, were covered under the census sector to take complete
stock of their manufacturing activities.
Even the sample sector which comprised of units employing less than
50/100 workers (operating with or without power) in the major States were
covered fully over a span of two years.
This procedure continued till ASI 1986-87 by which time the total number
of factories in the country grew enormously.
Accordingly, the definition of the census sector was changed from ASI
1987-88 to the units having 100 or more workers irrespective of their operation
with or without power. All the units in the frame of 12 less industrially
developed States/UTs were surveyed on complete enumeration basis. The rest of the universe was covered on
sampling basis through an efficient sampling design adopting State X 3 digit
industry group as stratum so as to cover all the units in a span of three
years. This design continued till ASI
1996-97.
11. Before
launching of ASI 1997-98 due to constraints of resources in covering a large
number of units in the survey and generating the results of the survey in time
bound manner, a review of the earlier design was made and a revised design was
adopted in ASI 1997-98. The census
sector was defined to include units having 200 or more workers and also some
Significant Units were identified from the databases of ASI 1993-94 to ASI
1995-96, which although having less than 200 workers, contributed significantly
to the Value of Output in these ASI years. The complete coverage of all Units
in 12 less industrially developed States/UTs, namely, Goa, Himachal Pradesh,
Jammu & Kashmir, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura,
A new sampling design has been adopted
from ASI 2004-05 which continued till
ASI 2006-07 is as under:
i)
Units
with 100 or more workers will be categorized as census sector and the rest of the
units will be treated as sample sector, without any change in the existing
criteria;
ii)
In the
sample sector, the units will be stratified at 4 digit level of NIC-04 in each
State separately and 1/5th of the units in each strata will be
selected circular systematically for coverage in each ASI subject to a minimum
sample size of 6 units in each stratum;
iii)
This
design will ensure that the whole universe of units is covered in five years;
iv)
The
classification of the units in the frame into census and sample sectors should
be done in the beginning of the 5-year cycle and it should not be disturbed
during the course of the cycle;
v)
At the
end of the cycle when the data on the all the units in the frame become
available the frame should be updated and then the composition of census and
sample sector should be re-drafted;
vi)
In
respect of the new units getting registered each year of the last 4 years in
the 5-year cycle, a supplementary frame has to be prepared for each year and
units for coverage from this supplementary frame of each year may be selected
using the same criteria as was applied to the main frame.
12. As per the decision taken by the Standing
Committee on Industrial Statistics (SCIS), a new sampling design was adopted
for ASI 2007-08. Accordingly, for ASI 2007-2008, the Census Sector has been
defined as follows:
a) All industrial units belonging to the five
less industrially developed states/ UT’s viz. Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland,
Tripura and Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
b) For the rest of the
twenty-six states/ UT’s., (i) units having 100 or more workers, and (ii) all
factories covered under Joint Returns.
c)
Strata (State by 4-digit of NIC-04) having less than or equal to six units
after selecting the Census Sector units as defined above are also selected as
census sector.
d) From the remaining merged frame (main frame
2004-05 plus supplementary frame
2005-06 plus supplementary frame
2006-07 plus supplementary frame
2007-08), samples were drawn considering higher allocation for states having
relatively higher percentage contribution in sample sector in terms of GVA
based on last 2 (two) years’ available data. Accordingly, state wise census and
sample sector contribution of GVA was calculated based on last two years’
available data along with the RSE of GVA estimates in sample sector based on
data of ASI 2005-06. In general, sampling fraction of 12% was considered for
all the states within a StateXSectorX4-digit NIC with a minimum of 6 units
evenly distributed in two sub-samples, except (i) Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal
Pradesh, Chandigarh, Madhya Pradesh, Daman & Diu, Dadra & Nagar Haveli,
Goa with 20% sampling fraction, (ii) Delhi & Rajasthan with 13% sampling
fraction, (iii) Bihar & Pondicherry with 15% sampling fraction due to
relatively higher contribution of sample sector to the total GVA and higher
RSE.
Industrial
Classification
13. The
Standard Industrial and Occupation Classification 1962 developed on the basis
of the UN International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) of all
Economic Activities 1958 (Rev. 1) was adopted from its first survey in
1960. With effect from ASI 1973-74, the
National Industrial Classification (NIC) 1970 developed subsequently on the
basis of UNISIC 1968(Rev.2) has been adopted. The NIC 1987 that strictly followed
UNISIC 1968 was adopted from ASI 1989-90 to ASI 1997-98. The NIC 1998, developed on the basis of
UNISIC, 1990 (Rev. 3) was used from ASI 1998-99 to ASI 2003-04. The latest
classification, i.e. NIC 2004, developed on the basis of UNISIC 2002 (Rev. 3.1)
has been adopted from ASI 2004-05.
Reference
period & schedule of enquiry
14. Reference
period for ASI is the accounting year of the industrial unit ending on any day
during the fiscal year. Thus, in ASI 2007-08,
the data collected from the respective industrial units relate to their
accounting year ended on any day between 1st April 2007 and 31 March 2008.
15. Data
for the ASI are collected through a comprehensive schedule. In the initial rounds, the schedule sought
particulars relating to manufacturing activity only. Over the years, additions were made to meet
the specific data requirements of various organisations. By 1973-74, the schedule consisted of five
Parts: Part I on manufacturing, Part II on labour turnover, Part III on stocks
& consumption of components and accessories in small scale sector, Part IV
on construction expenditure and Part V on indirect taxes, sales, subsidies and
capacity of power equipments installed.
It was felt that the ASI schedule had become too unwieldy and complicated. So a modified schedule with three parts on
manufacturing, labour and construction was adopted with effect from ASI
1974-75. Further modifications in the schedule were carried out in 1987-88, and
again in 1997-98. Part III schedule relating to construction has been
discontinued from 1998-99. The schedule from ASI 2003-04 also incorporated some
minor changes.
Concepts
and Definitions of items collected through the schedule of enquiry
16. The
concepts and definitions of items collected through ASI schedule are given
below:
Reference Year for ASI 2007-08 is the accounting year of the factory
ending on 31st March 2008 while the survey was conducted in 2008-09.
Factory
is one that is
registered under sections 2m (i) and 2m (ii) of the Factories Act, 1948. The
sections 2m (i) and 2m (ii) refer to any premises including the precincts
thereof (a) whereon ten or more workers are working, or were working on any day
of the preceding twelve months, and in any part of which a manufacturing
process is being carried on with the aid of power, or is ordinarily so carried
on; or (b) whereon twenty or more workers are working or were working on any
day of the preceding twelve months, and in any part of which a manufacturing
process is being carried on without the aid of power, or is ordinarily so carried on.
Fixed Capital represents the depreciated value of fixed assets owned
by the factory as on the closing day of the accounting year. Fixed assets are
those that have a normal productive life of more than one year. Fixed capital
includes land including lease- hold land, buildings, plant & machinery,
furniture and fixtures, transport equipment, water system and roadways and
other fixed assets such as hospitals, schools, etc. used for the benefit of the
factory personnel.
Physical Working Capital is the total inventories comprising of raw materials
and components, fuels and lubricants, spares, stores and others, semi-finished
goods and finished goods as on the closing day of the accounting year. However,
it does not include the stock of the materials, fuels, stores, etc. supplied by
others to the factory for processing and finished goods processed by the
factory from raw materials supplied by others.
Working Capital is the sum total of the physical working capital as
already defined above and the cash deposits in hand and at bank and the net
balance receivable over amounts payable at the end of the accounting year.
Working capital, however, excludes unused overdraft facility, fixed deposits
(irrespective of duration), advances for acquisition of fixed assets, loans and
advances by proprietors and partners (irrespective of their purpose and
duration), long-term loans (including interest thereon) and investments.
Productive Capital
is the total of fixed capital and working capital as
defined above
Invested Capital
is the total of fixed capital and physical working
capital as defined above.
Gross Value of Plant and
Machinery represents the total original (un-depreciated) value
of installed plant and machinery at the end of the accounting year. It includes
the book value of the newly installed plants and machinery and the approximate
value of rented in plants and machinery at the time of renting-in but excludes
the value of rented-out plants and machinery.
Total value of all the plants and machinery acquired on hire - purchase
basis is also included.
Outstanding Loans represent all loans (whether short term or long term,
interest bearing or not) outstanding according to the books of the factory as
on the closing day of the accounting year.
Workers
are defined to include all persons employed
directly or through any agency whether for
wages or not and engaged in any
manufacturing process or in cleaning any part of the machinery or premises used for manufacturing
process or in any other kind of work
incidental to or connected with the manufacturing process or the subject of
the manufacturing process . Labour engaged
in the repair & maintenance, or production of fixed assets for factory's own
use, or employed for generating electricity, or producing coal, gas etc. are
included.
Employees include all
workers defined above and persons
receiving wages and holding clerical or supervisory or managerial positions
engaged in administrative office, store keeping section and welfare section,
sales department as also those engaged in purchase of raw materials etc. or
purchase of fixed assets for the factory as well as watch and ward staff.
Total Persons Engaged include the
employees as defined above and all working proprietors and their family members
who are actively engaged in the work of the factory even without any pay, and
the unpaid members of the co-operative societies who worked in or for the
factory in any direct and productive capacity. The number of workers or
employees is an average number obtained by dividing mandays worked by the
number of days the factory had worked during the reference year.
Wages and Salaries are defined to include all remuneration in monetary terms and also
payable more or less regularly in each pay period to workers as compensation
for work done during the accounting year. It includes (a) direct wages and
salary (i.e., basic wages/salaries, payment of overtime, dearness, compensatory
allowance, house rent and other allowances), (b) remuneration for the period
not worked (i.e., basic wages, salaries and allowances payable for leave
period, paid holiday, lay-off payments and compensation for unemployment, if
not paid from sources other than employers), (c) bonuses and ex-gratia payment
paid both at regular and less frequent intervals (i.e., incentive bonuses, good
attendance bonuses, productive bonuses, profit sharing bonuses, festival or
year-end bonuses, etc.). It excludes lay off payments which are made from trust
or other special funds set up exclusively for this purpose i.e., payments not
made by the employer. It also excludes imputed value of benefits in kind,
employer's contribution to old age benefits and other social security charges,
direct expenditure on maternity benefits and crèches and other group benefits.
Travelling and other expenditure incurred for business purposes and reimbursed
by the employer are excluded. The wages are expressed in terms of gross value
i.e., before deduction for fines, damages, taxes, provident fund, employee's
state insurance contribution, etc.
Contribution To
Provident Fund And Other Funds includes old age benefits like provident fund, pension, gratuity, etc.
and employers contribution towards other
social security charges such as
employees state insurance, compensation for work injuries and occupational
diseases, provident fund-linked insurance, retrenchment and lay- off benefits.
Workmen and Staff
Welfare Expenses include
group benefits like direct expenditure on maternity, crèches, canteen
facilities, educational, cultural and recreational facilities; and grants to trade unions, co-operative stores, etc. meant for employees.
Total Emoluments is defined as
the sum of wages and salaries, employers’ contribution as provident fund and
other funds and workmen and staff welfare expenses as defined above.
Total Input
comprises total value of fuels and materials
consumed as well as expenditures such as cost of contract and commission work done by others on materials
supplied by the factory, cost of materials consumed for repair and maintenance
of factory's fixed assets including cost of repairs and maintenance work done
by others to the factory's fixed assets, inward freight and transport charges,
rates and taxes (excluding income tax), postage, telephone and telex expenses,
insurance charges, banking charges, cost of printing and stationery and
purchase value of goods sold in the same condition as purchased .
Total Output comprises total ex-factory value of products and
by-products manufactured as well as other receipts such as receipts from
non-industrial services rendered to others, work done for others on material
supplied by them, value of electricity produced and sold, sale value of goods
sold in the same condition as purchased, addition in stock of semi- finished
goods and own construction.
Depreciation is consumption of fixed capital due to wear &
tear and obsolescence during the accounting year and is taken as provided by
the factory owner or is estimated on the basis of cost of installation and
working life of the fixed assets.
Net Value Added
is arrived by deducting
total input and depreciation from total output.
Presentation
of Data
17. The ASI results presented in the published
reports relate to the factory sector i.e. industrial units covered under the
census and sample sectors of the ASI.
The total of any characteristic was obtained by adding the figures of
the census sector and estimates of sample sector.
Present
position of availability of results
18. As
per the National Dissemination Policy, the ASI reports are supplied on
electronic media to the Computer Centre,
19. The final results of Volume-I for ASI 2007-08
have already been released. The ASI
results in respect of selected characteristics are available in electronic
media at various levels of aggregation, viz.
·
All
industries by States,
·
All
·
All India X
2/3/4-digit level of NIC,
·
States X 2/3/4-digit level of NIC,
20. The following
offices may be contacted for the ASI results on electronic media against
payment:
I.
Deputy Director General
Central Statistical Organisation (Industrial Statistics Wing)
Ministry of Statistics & Programme
Implementation
1,
Tel: 91-33-22481521; Fax: 91-33-
22483501
E-Mail: cso_isw@yahoo.co.in
II.
Deputy Director General
Ministry of Statistics & Programme
Implementation
East Block-10, R.K.Puram
Tel: 91-11-26109682; Fax :
91-11-26160652
E-Mail : pc.mohanan@nic.in, pc.nirala@nic.in