4.12 Methods of Estimating Area under Mixed Crops

Andaman & Nicobar Islands – Cultivation of mixed crops is not in practice.
Andhra Pradesh – Where two or more crops are sown in Rows, the area occupied by each is estimated by the village official in the ratio of number of rows, and also allocation of the area to the constituent crops grown in mixture is done at field level only.
Assam – Half the area of the field is shown under each of the crops (Vide rule 65 Assam Land Records Manual).
Punjab and Haryana – In certain districts of the State the mixed crops are shown separately by the patwari according to his estimate, by first measuring the area under mixed crops by Kadmi paimaish and then estimating the ratio in which it has been sown. In other districts, the area under mixed crops such as wheat-gram, barley-gram, is entered under the separate columns for the different crop mixtures, provided in the Jinswar and Lal Kitab. Mixed crops are distributed by office kanungos under appropriate headings of single crops. The area of cotton and oilseeds, which are sown mixed with other crops, is estimated according to the rule locally followed in preparation of crop abstracts. In case of wheat and gram however the area under each of these crops when sown in mixture is taken as half and half of the total area.
Kerala – The area covered by such mixed crops is recorded by eye estimates.
Himachal Pradesh – The area under mixed crops is recorded separately for each crop.
Orissa – The net area under each crop is estimated on the field itself and recorded separately under each crop.
Karnataka – The area under mixed crops is being based on eye estimates.
Coorg area of Karnataka: In case of mixed crops inter-sown with ragi such as Tur dal etc. the area of the plot under each crop is assessed on the basis of the extent sown. In case of Kumri cultivation, the mixed crops are rice, tur dal and vegetables and the area is assessed at about 1/3 of the area sown under each. In other mixed crops where the constituent crops are sown in rows, they are estimated on the basis of the proportion of the number of rows under each.
Madhya Pradesh – The mixture is shown under the predominant crop if no separate heading is prescribed in jinswar for such a mixture.
Maharashtra – Separate columns of mixed crops are allocated and shown separately in the crop statement. The area is estimated by the village official (talathi) by eye estimate or by counting the rows of the particular crop in the survey number on the basis of the ratio between the main crop and the sub crop. The Procedure followed for the calculation of mixed crop is as under:
- If the mixed crops is sown by broad casting method, the area under individual crops is calculated by eye estimation and the used seed rate.
- If the mixed crop is sown in rows the area of each crop is calculated by using the proportion of their number of rows.
- Tamilnadu – The following crop mixtures with millets are sown in Tamil Nadu: Cumbu and Groundnut, Cholam and Redgram, Cholam and Pulses, Cholam Groundnut and Redgram, Cholam and Groundnut, Cumbu and Pulses, Cumbu and Cowpea etc.
The following yardsticks are adopted for recording the areas of crops when sown as mixed crops:
- Cumbu and Groundnut for millets - 4/5th area
- Cholam and Redgram for millets - 4/5th area
- Cholam and Pulses for millets - 4/5th area
- Cholam, Groundnut & Redgram for millets - 4/5th area
- Cholam and Groundnut for millets - 4/5th area
- Cumbu and Pulses for millets - 4/5th area

Procedures for computing the mixed crops of pulses into pure crops are:

1. Redgram Pure	Full (i.e. One acre in the field is taken as one acre)
2. Blackgram in Sugarcane	1/2 (i.e. Blackgram in one acre of Sugarcane is taken as 1/2 acre of blackgram)
3. Greengram in Sugarcane	1/2
4. Redgram in Paddy field bunds	1/4
5. Blackgram in Paddy field bunds	1/6
6. Greengram in Paddy field bunds	1/6
7. Redgram in dry groundnuts	1/2
8. Redgram in Varagu, Cholam and millets	1/2
9. Blackgram pure	Full
10.Greeengram in irrigated groundnuts	1/6
11.Blackgram in irrigated groundnuts	1/6
12.Blackgram in dry cotton	1/3
13.Greengram in dry cotton	1/3
14.Blackgram in rice fallow	Full
15.Greengram in rice fallow	Full
16.Blackgram in tapioca	1/6
17.Greengram in tapioca	1/6
18.Lab Lab in millets	1/4
19.Bengalgram pure	Full
20.Redgram in Banana	1/4
21. Redgram in turmeric	1/4
22. Redgram in blackgram or greengram in coconut tapes	1/4
23. Lab in dry groundnut	1/4
24. Bengalgram in rain fed Cotton and Coriander	1/4
25. Blackgram or greengram in irrigated ragi and other millets	1/3
26. Blackgram, greengram in irrigated cotton	1/3
27. Blackgram in dry groundnut	1/4
28. Greengram in dry groundnuts	1/4

The above procedure is done at village level by the village Administrative Officers.
Rajasthan – The identified crop mixtures are bajra-moong, jowar-bajra, til-moth, jowar-Til, in kharif and wheat-barley, wheat-barley-gram, in rabi and no mixed crop in zaid. The procedure for calculation of area under mixed crops is by eye estimation.
Uttar Pradesh – In UP the important mixtures such as wheat and barley are entered in the village registers as "mixtures", no attempt being made by the village officers themselves to separate the areas of component crops. The sub-division of area is done in the Central Offices on formulae supplied to them. An appropriate formula for each crop has been prepared for every district or homogeneous portion of the district, in consultation with the District Officer. For unimportant mixtures, that is, for mixed crops with no separate heading, the minor constituent is ignored and the whole area is to be credited to the principal crop. In the case of mixed oilseeds, which are not recorded separately, the area and yield are therefore arrived at as follows:
- Area under mixed linseed= ½ of the total acreage under gram plus 1/6 of the total acreage of wheat and barley and their mixtures.
- Yield of linseed per acre sown mixed with gram=1 ½ maunds.
- Yield of linseed per acre sown mixed with a crop other than gram = ½ maund.
- West Bengal – The area covered under mixed crops, if found, is recorded by eye estimates i.e. the total mixed cropped area in any plot is divided into areas under individual crops according to the density of crop plants.
- Bihar – The area under mixed crops is recorded at the field level by the Revenue Karmacharis on the basis of seed ratio/plant ratio and after consultation with farmers and on the basis of eye estimation.
- Goa – No mixed crops are cultivated in the state of Goa. However, the area under each crop is estimated separately as based on benchmark survey and eye estimates.
Meghalaya – The state of Meghalaya has no cadastrally recorded information in respect of the different areas of the state. However, only some portions of Garo Hills region in the plain are having land record, which could provide data on the area of the land as possessed by the cultivators. It may be mentioned that the land tenure system of the state is totally different from the rest of the country in respect of land holding and propriety right over land. In view of the above hurdles, the only alternative to show the area of land is to go by guess estimation by following certain norms like seed rates etc. In order to have some broad ideas in the area coverage conforming to the prevalent cultivation practices of important crops, the following norms observed in the case of oral study with some cultivators are given below:
- Jhum cultivation (Multiple cropping)
- Main Crops Subsidiary Crops
- Mixed Crops:
  - Paddy 90% Vegetables etc. 10%
  - Ginger 95% Mixed vegetables 5%
  - Paddy 95% Mesta 2% Other Vegetables 3%
  - Permanent Cultivation (non-Jhum)
  - Potato 75% Maize 25%
  - Maize 80% Mixed Vegetables 20%
Mizoram – The area under mixed crops is assessed by calculating the quantity of various seeds used for planting.
Manipur – If a plot grows two or more crops in mixture, the total area under the mixed crops is defined to be the gross area under each of the component crops of the mixture. For instance, for the plot growing paddy and maize in the mixture in an area of 10 acres, the gross area under paddy is 10 acres and the gross area under maize is also 10 acres.
Other States – The procedures in respect of other states are not available.